Propylthiouracil, (also known as PTU) is a prescription medication that obstructs the production of the body’s supply of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Propylthiouracil is one of the drugs that are used to control hyperthyroidism caused by an overactive thyroid gland. It can also be used in patients who are going to have thyroid surgery in order to calm down any extreme thyroid activity before the operation. Propylthiouracil is considered to be an anti-thyroid medication, much like the drug known as Tapazole.
Hyperthyroidism is usually cause by a disorder called Grave’s Disease. This is an autoimmune disease, and those who suffer with Graves have their own antibodies attach themselves to the hormone receptors that are inside the cells of the thyroid gland. The antibodies then activate an overproduction of thyroid hormone. There are two different thyroid hormones made by the thyroid gland. These are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). They are made up of iodine, thyroglobulin, which is a protein, and an enzyme by the name of peroxidase.
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Propylthiouracil keeps the thyroxine and the iodine from working together with the thyroglobulin to make the T3 and the T4. This keeps too much thyroid hormone from forming. Propylthiouracil also hinders the change of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. T3 has more potency than T4 does, so this also helps to cut down on the thyroid hormonal activity.
It is not advisable to take Propylthiouracil with any sort of prescription blood thinner such as Coumadin unless you work with your doctor to monitor how well your blood is clotting and to test a smaller dose of blood thinner if necessary. You should not take Propylthiouracil while pregnant or nursing unless you are carefully supervised by your doctor. There is some confirmation that using Propylthiouracil while nursing a baby can cause harm to the child.
Propylthiouracil does not have many side effects and out of one hundred people who are taking this medication, only one on average will suffer from these side effects. The skin is commonly affected, with itching, hives, rashes, hair loss, and changes in skin pigmentation. Nausea, vomiting, headache, muscle and joint pain, swelling of the body, loss of taste, and numbness are also side effects of Propylthiouracil.
There are also some side effects of Propylthiouracil that can be serious, but fortunately these are not as common as the ones listed above. The number of white blood cells may decrease, and this is known as agranulocytosis. The signs that appear if this side effect is happening include contagious lesions that form in the gastrointestinal tract, in the throat, and on the skin. Those suffering from these side effects will generally feel sick, and may have a fever. The number of platelets in the blood may also decrease. This could eventually cause problems with excess bleeding.
Propylthiouracil is taken by mouth, usually three times each day at eight-hour intervals. The drug is metabolized quickly, which necessitates the need for a dosage three times a day. Thirty-five percent of Propylthiouracil is expelled in the urine.
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